What Court Has The Authority To Hear And Change Decisions Made By Lower Courts?

What is the Structure of the Uk Court System?

Courtroom Structure of Her Majesty's Courts Service

Diagram reproduced from Her Majesty's Courts Service – Structure of HMCS
Crown copyright

Further data

Her Majesty's Courts Service

Judicial Commission of the Privy Quango

Tribunals Service

The Bureaucracy of United kingdom Courts

The court system in England and Wales tin can be considered as consisting of v levels:

• Supreme Court (formerly the House of Lords) and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
  • Courtroom of Appeal
    • Loftier Court
      • Crown Court and County Courts
        • Magistrates' Courts and the Tribunals Service

There is a similar court organisation in Northern Ireland and a unlike courtroom organization in Scotland.

Judicial Committee of the Privy Quango

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the courtroom of terminal entreatment for Commonwealth countries that have retained appeals to either Her Majesty in Quango or to the Judicial Committee. It is also the court of concluding entreatment for the High Court of Justiciary in Scotland for issues related to devolution. Some functions of the Judicial Committee were taken over by the new Supreme Court in 2009.

Supreme Courtroom (formerly the Business firm of Lords)

In 2009 the Supreme Courtroom replaced the House of Lords as the highest court in England, Wales and Northern Republic of ireland. Every bit with the House of Lords, the Supreme Court hears appeals from the Court of Appeal and the High Court (but in exceptional circumstances). It also hears appeals from the Inner House of the Court of Session in Scotland. Appeals are normally heard by 5 Justices (formerly Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, or Law Lords), but in that location tin can exist as many as 9.

Court of Entreatment

The Courtroom of Appeal consists of ii divisions, the Criminal Division and the Ceremonious Decision. Decisions of the Court of Entreatment may exist appealed to the Supreme Courtroom (formerly the Business firm of Lords).

Civil Sectionalization

The Civil Division of the Courtroom of Appeal hears appeals concerning civil law and family unit justice from the Loftier Court, from Tribunals, and certain cases from the Canton Courts.

Criminal Sectionalisation

The Criminal Segmentation of the Courtroom of Appeal hears appeals from the Crown Court.

Loftier Court

The High Courtroom consists of 3 divisions, the Chancery Division, the Family unit Division, and the Queen's Demote Segmentation. Decisions of the High Court may be appealed to the Civil Division of the Courtroom of Appeal.

Chancery Division: Companies Court

The Companies Court of the Chancery Partition deals with cases concerning commercial fraud, business organization disputes, insolvency, company direction, and disqualification of directors.

Chancery Division: Divisional Court

The Divisional Court of the Chancery Partition deals with cases concerning equity, trusts, contentious probate, tax partnerships, defalcation and land.

Chancery Division: Patents Court

The Patents Court of the Chancery Partitioning deals with cases concerning intellectual property, copyright, patents and trademarks, including passing off.

Family Division: Divisional Court

The Divisional Court of the Family Division deals with all matrimonial matters, including custody of children, parentage, adoption, family homes, domestic violence, separation, disparateness, divorce and medical handling declarations, and with uncontested probate matters.

Queen's Bench Division: Authoritative Courtroom

The Administrative Court of the Queen'south Bench Partitioning hears judicial reviews, statutory appeals and application, application for habeas corpus, and applications under the Drug Trafficking Act 1984 and the Criminal Justice Act 1988. It also oversees the legality of decisions and deportment of junior courts and tribunals, local government, Ministers of the Crown, and other public bodies and officials.

Queen's Demote Division: Admiralty Court

The Admiralty Court of the Queen's Bench Division deals with aircraft and maritime disputes, including collisions, save, carriage of cargo, limitation, and mortgage disputes. The Court tin abort vessels and cargoes and sell them inside the jurisdiction of England and Wales.

Queen's Demote Sectionalization: Commercial Court

The Commercial Court of the Queen's Bench Division deals with cases arising from national and international business disputes, including international trade, cyberbanking, commodities, and arbitration disputes.

Queen's Demote Sectionalisation: Mercantile Courtroom

The Mercantile Court of the Queen's Bench Sectionalisation deals with national and international business disputes that involve claims of lesser value and complication than those heard by the Commercial Courtroom.

Queen's Bench Division: Technology and Structure Court

The Engineering science and Construction Court of the Queen's Bench Partitioning is a specialist courtroom that deals principally with technology and construction disputes that involve problems or questions which are technically complex, and with cases where a trial past a specialist TCC judge is desirable.

Canton Courts

The County Courts deal with all except the nearly complicated and the nearly simple civil cases (including almost matters under the value of £5000), such every bit claims for repayment of debts, alienation of contract involving goods or holding, personal injury, family problems (including adoption and divorce), housing problems (including recovery of mortgage and rent arrears, and re-possession), and enforcement of previous County Court judgments. Cases are heard past a judge, without a jury. Decisions of the County Courts may be appealed to the appropriate Division of the High Court.

Crown Court

The Crown Court deals with indictable criminal cases that accept been transferred from the Magistrates' Courts, including hearing of serious criminal cases (such as murder, rape and robbery), cases sent for sentencing, and appeals. Cases are heard by a judge and a jury. Decisions of the Crown Court may exist appealed to the Criminal Division of the Courtroom of Appeal.

Magistrates' Courts

The Magistrates' Courts deal with summary criminal cases and committals to the Crown Court, with uncomplicated civil cases including family proceedings courts and youth courts, and with licensing of betting, gaming and liquor. Cases are usually heard by either a panel of 3 magistrates or by a District Judge, without a jury. Criminal decisions of the Magistrates' Courts may exist appealed to the Crown Court. Civil decisions may be appealed to the County Courts.

Tribunals Service

The Tribunals Service makes decisions on matters including asylum, clearing, criminal injuries compensation, social security, education, employment, kid back up, pensions, tax and lands. Decisions of the Tribunals Service may be appealed to the appropriate Division of the High Court.

Courts in Scotland

The bureaucracy of courts in Scotland

The courtroom organization in Scotland can be considered as consisting of four levels:

• Supreme Court (formerly the Firm of Lords) and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
  • Court of Session and the Loftier Courtroom of Justiciary
    • Sheriff Courts
      • District Courts

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

In add-on to its part as the court of final appeal for Democracy countries, the Judicial Committee is also the court of final entreatment for the High Court of Justiciary in Scotland. Some functions of the Judicial Commission were taken over by the new Supreme Court in 2009.

Supreme Court

In addition to its office as the highest court in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the Supreme Courtroom too hears appeals from the Inner House of the Courtroom of Session in Scotland.

Court of Session

The Courtroom of Session is the supreme ceremonious court for Scotland, and serves both as a court of first instance and as a court of appeal. The Court of Session consists of 2 houses, the Inner House and the Outer Firm.

Inner House

The Inner House of the Courtroom of Session mainly deals with appeals, though information technology too deals with a small-scale range of outset instance business. Appeals are heard from the Outer Firm, from the Sheriff Court, and from sure tribunals and other bodies. Appeals are heard by at to the lowest degree iii judges, without a jury. Decisions of the Inner Business firm may be appealed to the Supreme Court.

Outer Firm

The Outer Firm hears cases at start case on a wide range of civil matters, including tort, contract, intellectual holding, commercial cases and judicial review. Cases are presided over by a judge, when advisable with a civil jury. Decisions of the Outer Business firm may exist appealed to the Inner House.

Loftier Court of Justiciary

The High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court for Scotland, and serves both as a courtroom of first instance and as a court of entreatment. When sitting as a court of offset instance, the Court deals only with the most serious crimes such as murder, rape, culpable homicide, armed robbery, drug trafficking and serious sexual offences, particularly those involving children, and cases are tried by a judge and a jury. When sitting as an appellate courtroom, the court consists of at least 2 judges, without a jury. Decisions of the High Court of Justiciary that concern devolution may be appealed to the Privy Council; there is no right of appeal for any other matters.

Sheriff Courts

The Sheriff Courts bargain with more than serious criminal cases than the District Courts, but non with the about serious ones, which are heard in the High Courtroom of Justiciary. The Sheriff Courts likewise deal with civil matters such as probate, adoption and bankruptcy; the most serious civil cases are heard by the Outer Firm of the Court of Session. Cases are presided over by a guess, with a jury when appropriate. Ceremonious decisions may be appealed to the Sheriff Principal and and so to the Outer House of the Courtroom of Session. Criminal decisions may be appealed to the Loftier Court of Justiciary.

District Courts

District Courts deal only with summary criminal matters such equally breach of the peace, assail, vandalism, theft, speeding, vehicle excise, television licensing and electricity fraud. Cases are tried by one or 3 Justices of the Peace, or by ane stipendiary magistrate, without a jury. More serious cases are tried in the Sheriff Courts or in the Loftier Court of Justiciary. District Courts will be replaced by Justice of the Peace Courts in 2007.

Further information

Scottish Court Service

Courts in Northern Ireland

What is the hierarchy of courts in Northern Ireland?

The court system in Northern Ireland can be considered as consisting of v levels:

• Supreme Court (formerly the House of Lords)
  • Court of Appeal
    • High Court
      • Crown Court and County Courts
        • Magistrates' Courts

Supreme Court

In addition to its role as the highest courtroom in England, Wales and Scotland, the Supreme Court also hears appeals from the Court of Entreatment in Northern Ireland.

Court of Appeal

The Court of Appeal deals with appeals in ceremonious cases from the High Courtroom and with appeals in criminal cases from the Crown Court. It also hears appeals on points of constabulary from the County Courts and the Magistrates' Courts. Cases are normally heard past iii judges, without a jury. Decisions of the Court of Appeal may exist appealed to the Supreme Court.

Loftier Court

The Loftier Court consists of 3 divisions, the Chancery Sectionalization, the Family Partition, and the Queen'southward Bench Partitioning. These courts hear complex or important civil cases, and besides hear appeals from the County Courts. Cases are heard by a judge, almost e'er without a jury. Decisions of the High Court may exist appealed to the Court of Appeal.

Chancery Sectionalization

The Chancery Division hears cases involving trusts and estates, title to country, mortgages and charges, wills and companies.

Family Division

The Family Partition hears cases involving marriage, adoption, children in care and undisputed wills.

Queen's Bench Sectionalization

The Queen's Bench Division deals with most other ceremonious law matters.

County Courts

The County Courts deal primarily with ceremonious cases, including most matters nether a specified value, and with title to land, recovery of country, equity matters (such as trusts and estates), mortgages, sale of land and partnerships, negligence and trespass. The County Courts as well hear appeals from the Magistrates' Courts in both civil and criminal cases. Cases are heard by a County Court judge, without a jury. Decisions of the County Courts may be appealed to the appropriate Segmentation of the Loftier Courtroom.

Crown Courtroom

The Crown Court deals with all serious criminal matters. Cases that involve terrorism are heard by a judge without a jury. Cases that practise not involve terrorism are heard by a judge with a 12-person jury. Serious cases are presided over past a Loftier Court estimate, and bottom cases are presided over by a County Court judge. Decisions of the Crown Courtroom may be appealed to the Courtroom of Appeal.

Magistrates' Courts

The Magistrates' Courts hears all criminal cases. Serious criminal cases are transferred to the Crown Court afterward a preliminary hearing. Less serious cases criminal cases and those involving juveniles are tried in these courts. Some ceremonious cases, including family proceedings, are besides heard in these courts. Cases are presided over past ane magistrate, who is legally qualified. Both ceremonious and criminal decisions of the Magistrates' Courts may exist appealed to the Canton Courts.

Source: https://justcite.com/kb/editorial-policies/terms/uk-court-structure/

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